|
,
When EVs can charge and discharge,
power quality behavior changes.
Most power quality discussions around EVs focus on unidirectional charging. Vehicle to Grid operation introduces different concerns because the vehicle transitions from a nonlinear load to a grid connected inverter that injects controlled current. This white paper reviews the distinct PQ challenges tied to V2G operation, including synchronization dynamics, DC injection risk, harmonic emissions, and system level effects when many vehicles discharge at once.
Key topics covered:
- Overview of V2G Converter Architectures
- Single Stage Versus Two Stage Architectures
- Grid Synchronization Challenges in Vehicle to Grid Operation
- DC Injection into the AC Grid in Vehicle to Grid Operation
- Power Quality Characteristics of Charging Versus Discharging Electric Vehicles
- Aggregation Effects of Simultaneous Vehicle to Grid Discharging
Why utilities should care:
As V2G adoption increases, utilities may see PQ impacts that are not well represented by charging only studies. Synchronization errors during connection, reconnection, or power changes can contribute to short duration PQ disturbances. Bidirectional operation can increase sensitivity to DC injection, which can bias distribution transformers toward partial saturation and raise losses and heating over time. At scale, simultaneous V2G discharging can amplify harmonics and interharmonics through correlated behavior, harmonic summation, and potential resonance with feeder impedance, resulting in larger voltage distortion than single device analysis would predict.
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